46회 격화되는 미 · 중 패권경쟁
2018년 6월 29일 방송
이춘근
Lee Choon Kun
2018년 6월 28일 촬영하였습니다.
미국과 중국이 패권 경쟁!
No Apparent Dismantlement Activities at Sohae Engine Test Site as of June 12
BY : 38 NORTH
JUNE 21, 2018 SATELLITE IMAGERY, WMD
A 38 North exclusive with analysis by Joseph S. Bermudez Jr.
Commercial satellite imagery of North Korea’s Sohae Satellite Launching Station from June 12 shows no apparent activity related to dismantlement of its rocket engine test stand. This stand has been suggested as the probable location US President Trump was referring to in his post-Singapore Summit statements that North Korea is “destroying their engine site. They’re blowing it up.”
Figure 1. An overview of the Sohae Satellite Launch Facility mid-June.
Image © 2018 Planet Labs, Inc. cc-by-sa 4.0
The engine test stand at Sohae has been used to test large liquid-fueled rocket engines applicable to both intercontinental ballistic missiles and large space launch vehicles. While there are other vertical engine test stands in North Korea, the one at Sohae is the most well developed and its destruction would represent a significant symbolic and practical step forward for North Korea.
2018. 6. 21 38 NORTH
미국의 대 북한 정책은 미국의 대 중국 정책의 맥락에서 보아야 한다
'中國夢'
Time to Get Tough (2011. 12)
Donald J. Trump
'중국은 미국의 적'이라고
표현헌 바 있었다
The Economist (Sep 22nd 2012)
센카쿠 열도 또는 다오위다오 또는 피너클 제도
동중국해 남서부에 위치한 다섯 개의 무인도와 세 개의 암초로 구성된 군도로,
타이완과 류큐 제도 사이에 있다.
중화인민공화국과 중화민국, 일본이 영유권을 주장하고 있으며,
현재 일본이 실효지배하고 있다.
송고시간2013-07-05 09:50
| 일본 압박용 관측…미·일도 전투기 훈련으로 대응
<그래픽> 중·러 - 미·일 연합 군사훈련
(서울=연합뉴스) 이재윤 기자 = 중국과 러시아가 5일부터 극동 블라디보스토크 인근 표트르대제만 해상에서 사상 최대 규모의 연합 군사훈련에 들어간 한편 일본과 미국은 중·러 연합 해상 훈련과 비슷한 시기 홋카이도에서 연합 전투기 훈련으로 대응할 예정이다.
yoon2@yna.co.kr
@yonhap_graphics(트위터)
(베이징=연합뉴스) 차대운 특파원 = 중국과 러시아가 5일부터 극동 블라디보스토크 인근 표트르대제만 해상에서 사상 최대 규모의 연합 군사훈련에 들어갔다.
이번 훈련에는 모두 18척의 수상함과 잠수함 1척, 특수전 부대 2개 분대가 참가한다.
중국은 유도탄 구축함인 선양함, 스자좡함, 우한함, 란저우함, 유도탄 호위함인 옌타이함, 옌청함, 종합 보급선인 훙저후함 등 수상함 7척과 함재 헬기 3대, 특수전 부대 1개 분대를 파견했다.
러시아 측에서는 수상함 11척, 재래식 잠수함 1척, 항공기 3대, 헬리콥터 1대, 특수전 부대 1개 분대가 참가했다.
12일까지 양측은 해상 및 공중 목표 타격, 잠수함 탐지, 보급, 수색 등 훈련을 함께 받고 공동 열병식도 개최한다.
중국과 러시아 함정은 훈련 과정에서 탐색·화력통제 레이더와 각종 전자전 장비를 전면 가동한 상태에서 훈련을 진행할 것이라고 관영 통신사인 중국신문사가 전했다.
이번 훈련은 시진핑(習近平) 중국 국가주석과 블라디미르 푸틴 러시아 대통령 취임 이후 양국이 전략적 협력을 강화한 가운데 마련된 것이다.
외교가에서는 일본과 가까운 표트르대제만에서 진행되는 이번 훈련이 일본과 주일미군을 겨냥한 성격이 짙다고 분석한다.
중국은 작년부터 센카쿠(중국명 댜오위다오) 영유권 문제를 놓고 일본과 극한 대립을 하고 있다.
또한 러시아도 쿠릴 4개 섬(일본명 북방영토)의 영유권을 놓고 일본과 갈등하고 있다.
그러나 중국과 러시아는 겉으로는 이번 훈련이 일본을 비롯한 특정 나라를 겨냥한 것은 아니라는 주장을 폈다.
한편 일본과 미국은 중·러 연합 해상 훈련과 비슷한 시기 홋카이도에서 연합 전투기 훈련으로 대응할 예정이다.
7∼12일 열릴 미·일 연합 훈련에는 아오모리(靑森)현 미사와(三澤) 기지 소속의 주일미군 F-16 전투기 8대와 90여명이, 일본 항공자위대 소속 F-15 전투기 8대가 참가한다.
미·일 연합 훈련 지점은 홋카이도 서부 지역으로 중·러 연합 훈련 지점에서 불과 600km가량 떨어져 있다.
cha@yna.co.kr
<저작권자(c) 연합뉴스, 무단 전재-재배포 금지> 2013/07/05 09:50 송고
2013. 7. 5 연합뉴스
Japan practices amphibious landing in Hawaii
by Wednesday, July 30th 2014
Japanese soldiers on a reconnaissance team listen to Japanese Rear Adm. Yasuki Nakahata speak at Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii.
Wed, 30 Jul 2014 14:41:00 GMT — AUDREY McAVOY, Associated Press
KANEOHE BAY, Hawaii (AP) â?? Japan has been practicing storming beaches with the U.S. and other countries in Hawaii this month. The amphibious landing exercises, which are relatively new to Japan's military, come as Tokyo tries to boost its ability to defend small islands it controls but China claims as its own.
Helicopters dropped a reconnaissance team of Japanese soldiers into the ocean off a beach at a U.S. Marine Corps base during Rim of the Pacific exercises on Tuesday. The soldiers climbed aboard inflatable rafts and inspected the shoreline before waves of U.S., Australian and Indonesian marines followed in amphibious vehicles.
Japanese navy Rear Adm. Yasuki Nakahata said afterward the exercises gave the soldiers an opportunity to improve their skills.
"You looked great. I want you to continue with confidence," he told the soldiers, who are members of Japan's army.
U.S. Marine Corps Maj. Gen. Richard Simcock told the soldiers their capabilities were getting "better and better."
"What I see are warriors. I tell you here and now if the time ever requires it, I look forward that we can stand shoulder to shoulder and fight any common enemy," he said.
Japan has been buying amphibious landing craft and boosting its amphibious training for potential conflicts on islands.
In particular, it's concerned about small, uninhabited islands in the East China Sea that it controls but that China claims. Called the Senkaku Islands in Japan and Diaoyu in China, they have been a focal point of disputes between the two nations in recent years.
Tokyo fears China will attempt to land forces on the islands and Japan will need to fight them off, said Brad Glosserman, the executive director of Pacific Forum CSIS, a think tank in Honolulu.
"It is the flashpoint in their relationship and therefore they need to be ready to repel Chinese or any other country that manages to try to challenge the Japanese claim," Glosserman said.
Japanese ground forces for decades were focused on the Cold War threat posed by the Soviet Union to northern islands like Hokkaido. But China's military growth is bringing its attention on the south.
Last year, Japanese forces traveled to California to practice their amphibious assault skills.
Glosserman said the exercises are about practicing learning from partners experienced in amphibious landings. But he said the drills also telegraph to the U.S. â?? its treaty ally â?? Japan's willingness to fight.
"The Japanese are transmitting to the Americans about the value of Japan as a partner, as an ally, and as a country that's prepared to defend itself and be ready to defend its own territory which the United States is also obliged to defend."
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
ABC NEWS 2014. 7. 30
The INQUIRER 2014. 5. 12
TIME 2012. 9. 17
중국, 치욕의 100년 (1542-1949)
TIME 2012. 9. 17
일본 해상 보안청 소속 순시선 두 척이 24일 중국과 영유권 갈등을 빚고 있는
센카쿠 (尖閣 · 중국명 댜오위다오) 주변 영해에 진입한
중국 해양감시선 하이젠 66호 (가운데)를 양쪽에서 추적하며 항해하고 있다.
중국 해양국은 이 날 "중국 영해에 대한 정기 순찰을 실시했다"는 성명을 발표했다.
/ AP 연합뉴스 2012. 9. 25
EAST ASIA
June 27, 2018 9:49 AM
Reuters
Beijing Says US, China Militaries Should Control Risks
U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis (L) listens as China's Defense Minister Wei Fenghe (R) speaks during a meeting at the Bayi Building in Beijing, June 27, 2018.
BEIJING —
China's Defense Minister Wei Fenghe told visiting U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis on Wednesday that
China and the United States can only jointly develop
by maintaining mutual respect, cooperation, and non-confrontation.
Wei told Mattis that the two countries' militaries should strengthen cooperation and control risks, according to a ministry statement.
The ministry also said Wei had made clear China's positions and concerns regarding Taiwan, the South China Sea and North Korea during a meeting with Mattis.
VOA 2018. 6. 27
The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
- JOHN J. MEARSHEIMER
강대국 국제정치의 비극
존 J. 미어셰이머 지음 / 이춘근 옮김
01. 서론
02. 무정부 상태와 권력을 향한 투쟁
03. 부와 권력
04. 육군력의 우위
05. 생존의 전략
06. 강대국들의 행동
07. 해외의 균형자 : 영국과 미국
08. 균형을 위한 노력과 책임전가
09. 강대국 전쟁의 원인
10. 중국은 평화롭게 부상할 수 있을까?
WORLD
U.S. Must Stop China's 'Dream' of Asian Dominance, Admiral Warns
BY DAVID BRENNAN ON 5/31/18 AT 5:10 AM EDT
The commander of the U.S. Pacific Command and nominee to be America's next ambassador to South Korea has warned that the U.S. must stand up against the threat of Chinese hegemony in Asia.
Admiral Harry Harris said on Wednesday that the Western world is approaching an inflection point in history, when "freedom and justice hang in the balance," CNN reported.
Harris was speaking as he handed over control of Pacific Command—now re-named the Indo-Pacific Command—and ended his three-year tenure overseeing America's largest area of operations.
Admiral Harry Harris salutes at a ceremony marking the start of a joint military exercise between the U.S. and Australia off the coast of Sydney on June 29, 2017
.JASON REED/AFP/GETTY IMAGES
"China remains our biggest long-term challenge," Harris said, warning that only "focused involvement and engagement by the United States and our allies" can stop China from achieving "its dream of hegemony in Asia."
Chinese-American relations in Asia have been strained by Beijing's increasingly determined military policy, especially in the South China Sea. China has constructed a network of artificial islands and reefs in the region to enforce territorial claims that overlap with five of its neighbors.
The bases are being steadily militarized with a range of missiles, electronic warfare systems and aircraft, drawing condemnation from the U.S. and neighboring countries. China claims the islands are purely defensive, but their existence has given Beijing effective control of the South China Sea without a shot being fired.
U.S. naval vessels have conducted "freedom of navigation" operations to stress America's belief that the area constitutes international waters, but there is little the U.S. can do to dislodge Chinese forces.
Following recent deployments of missile systems and nuclear bomber training on the islands, the Pacific Command withdrew an invitation for China to take part in the 2018 Rim of the Pacific military drill—the world's largest international naval military exercise. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi called the decision "a very unconstructive move" and criticized the "negative mindset" of the U.S.
Chinese structures are seen on the disputed Spratlys Islands in the South China Sea on April 21, 2017.
REUTERS/ERIK DE CASTRO
In the short term, Harris noted that North Korea remains America's "most imminent threat" and that a North Korean regime with nuclear-capable missiles able to reach the U.S. is an "unacceptable" proposition. The admiral also said Russia is acting as a "spoiler" in the Indo-Pacific region.
"A geopolitical competition between free and repressive visions of world order is taking place in the Indo-Pacific," Harris said. "Great power competition is back, and I believe we're approaching an inflection point in history.… Freedom and justice hang in the balance."
The admiral had originally been slated as America's next ambassador to Australia. However, the nomination was pulled just hours before his confirmation hearing, reportedly on the suggestion of Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.
Harris's official nomination as South Korea ambassador was sent to the Senate on May 18 and is expected to be confirmed soon. The position has been vacant for about 18 months, leaving Chargé d'Affaires Marc Knapper to run the Seoul embassy in the interim.
Harris has been cautious in responding to North Korea's newfound diplomacy and has warned against falling for a "charm offensive." He previously said his preferred approach to the secretive state is to use military, economic and diplomatic pressure to "bring Kim Jong Un to his senses, not his knees."
Born in Japan to a Japanese mother and an American naval officer father, Harris is the first Asian-American to reach a four-star rank in the Navy.
Newsweek 2018. 5. 31
"U. S. Must Stop China's 'Dream' of Asian Dominance"
"미국은 아시아를 지배하려는 중국의 꿈을 반드시 막아야 한다"
Harry Binkley Harris, Jr (1956~)
美 제24대 태평양 사령관 / 24대 주한美대사 내정자
"North Korea remains
the most imminent threat to peace in the Oacific
but China's "dream of hegemony" is
Washington's biggest long-term challenge."
US admiral says China is Asia's biggest long-term threat
By Brad Lendon, CNN
Updated 0911 GMT (1711 HKT) May 31, 2018
US admiral: China is our biggest challenge
(CNN)The US admiral expected to become the country's next ambassador to South Korea says North Korea remains the most imminent threat to peace in the Pacific but China's "dream of hegemony" is Washington's biggest long-term challenge.
Adm. Phil Davidson, left, relieves Adm. Harry Harris, right, as commander of US Indo-Pacific Command during a ceremony at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on Wednesday.
CNN's Tim Schwarz contributed to this report.
CNN 2018. 5. 31
지난 5월 남중국해 파라셀 군도 (중국명 시사군도) 우디섬에
중국의 J-11 전투기를 비롯한 첨단 무기 시스템이 배치돼 있다
Satellite imagery show the deployment of several new weapons systems,
including a J-11 combat aircraft, at China's base on Woody Island in the Paracels,
South China Sea, May 12, 2018
VOA 2018. 6. 8
<남중국해 영토 주장 지도>
영해 (領海, Territorial waters)
한 나라의 주권이 미치는 바다로서, 기점이 되는 기선으로부터 최대 12해리의 범위까지 설정된다.
영해의 개념은 1982년 유엔해양법회의에서 정의되었다.
Pentagon Official Says
U. S. Can 'Take Down' Man-Made Islands
Like Those in the South China Sea
"I would just tell you that the United States military
has had a lot of experience in the Western Pacific,
taking down small islands"
Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr (1957~)
미국 합동참모본부장
U.S. · MILITARY
PENTAGON OFFICIAL SAYS U.S. CAN 'TAKE DOWN'
MAN-MADE ISLANDS LIKE THOSE IN THE SOUTH
CHINA SEA
BY LAIGNEE BARRON JUNE 1, 2018 12:53 AM EDT
Amid heightened tensions brewing between China and the U.S. military in the South China Sea, a Pentagon official on Thursday said the military has experience “taking down” small islands.
“I would just tell you that the United States military has had a lot of experience in the Western Pacific, taking down small islands,” Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Kenneth McKenzie said in response to a reporter asking about whether the U.S. has ability to “blow apart” China’s controversial man-made islands.
McKenzie, the Pentagon’s Joint Staff director, added later in the briefing that he was stating “historical fact” and not trying to send a message to China.
“We have a lot of experience, in the Second World War, taking down small islands that are isolated,” he said. “That’s a core competency of the U.S. military that we’ve done before. You shouldn’t read anything more into that than a simple statement of historical fact.”
But McKenzie’s comments come amid an escalating standoff in the controversial waters.
Since 2014, China has built artificial islands on top of reefs and rocks in the heavily contested territory. As those islands have become increasingly militarized despite Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s pledges to the contrary, the U.S. has ramped up “freedom of navigation” operations, or FONOPS, to demonstrate rights to the sea under international law.
Earlier this week, China dispatched warships to confront two U.S. Navy vessels conducting such an operation near the disputed Paracel Islands. According to Beijing, the operation “seriously violated China’s sovereignty.”
This clash was followed by the outgoing head of the newly-named U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, Adm. Harry Harris, calling China the “biggest long-term challenge” to the U.S. during a military handover ceremony on Wednesday.
The escalating South China Sea tensions come amid the Trump administration seeking China’s support in lining up a summit with North Korea that could be held as early as June 12.
TIME 2018. 6. 1
"blow apart"
Mattis warned
there could be "much larger consequences" in the future
from China's installation of weapons on disputed islands.
"We do not do freedom of navigation for America alone,
we do freedom of navigation for all nations"
"Make no mistake : America is in Indo - Pacific to stay.
This is our priority theater."
WORLD NEWS JUNE 2, 2018 / 10:30 AM / UPDATED JUNE 2, 2018 AT 10:35 AM
Mattis warns of future aggression to Chinese militarization
By Sommer Brokaw
Secretary of Defense James Mattis warned of future consequences to China's continued militarization of the South China Sea at a regional security conference Saturday. File Photo by Alex Edelman/UPI | License Photo
James Norman Mattis (1950~)
美 제26대 국방부장관
June 2 (UPI) -- U.S. Defense Secretary James Mattis warned Saturday there could be an aggressive U.S. response to China's military presence in the South China Sea.
Mattis warned there could be "much larger consequences" in the future from China's installation of weapons on disputed islands, the Wall Street Journal reported.
However, he did not say what the consequences would be.
The warning came in response to a question from an audience member after his speech at a regional security conference held in Singapore on Saturday. Mattis also talked tough on China during the speech.
Mattis said in his prepared remarks that "despite China's claims to the contrary, the placement of these weapons systems is tied directly to military use for the purposes of intimidation and coercion."
The annual conference, called the Shangri-La Dialogue, pulls together security officials, contractors and academics, CNN reported.
China has increased military activity in the islands this past month, and the United States has responded by sending two Navy warships into the sea in a freedom of navigation operation.
Senior Col. Zhao Xiaozhou, of China's People's Liberation Army's Academy of Military Sciences, suggested that the U.S. response could also be considered militarization.
Mattis stood on the United States' Indo-Pacific strategy.
"We do not do freedom of navigation for America alone, we do freedom of navigation for all nations," Mattis said. "We do not see it as a militarization by going through what has traditionally been international water space. We see it as affirmation of the rules-based international order."
"Make no mistake: America is in the Indo-Pacific to stay. This is our priority theater," Mattis added.
China was the main topic of conversation, though Mattis also briefly mentioned the planned June 12 meeting in Singapore between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Trump announced Friday that the meeting to discuss denuclearization was back a week after canceling it.
UPI 2018. 6. 2
EAST ASIA
June 27, 2018 5:49 AM
Ralph Jennings
China to Militarize Coast Guard amid Maritime Rivalry from US, Southeast Asia
A China Coast Guard vessel patrols at the disputed Scarborough Shoal April 6, 2017.
TAIPEI —
Beijing is placing its coast guard under military command to warn foreign nations, including the United States, against interfering with its control over the disputed South China Sea, experts say.
This change, effective July 1, follows the passage of U.S. navy vessels through the sea seven times since U.S. President Donald Trump took office last year and a B-52 fighter plane flyover by the United States earlier this month.
The coast guard’s new command fits Chinese President Xi Jinping's effort since 2012 to improve the reach and capability of the armed forces, scholars believe.
Reassignment of the coast guard from the State Oceanic Administration to the People’s Armed Police will “enable it to play a bigger role in emergencies and crises including war,” the Communist Party-run news website Global Times said Monday.
“While certainly increasing their presence, also it’s to send a message that they’re determined to protect their territorial integrity,” said Andrew Yang, secretary-general of the Chinese Council of Advanced Policy Studies in Taiwan. “Certainly the U.S. will pay attention to it.”
Stronger coast guard under military control
China will establish a “marine police corps” under the armed police to enforce laws and protect China’s maritime “rights” following a decision June 22, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.
The government’s Central Military Commission will oversee the new coast guard, letting the fleet get involved more easily in naval exercises, the Global Times said, citing a Chinese military expert.
Xi told the army last year to “enhance its capability to win wars,” Xinhua said. The Chinese navy had been venturing last year past its traditional zone along the Chinese coasts toward the high seas.
The coast guard’s 16,300 personnel and 164 cutters will probably do more joint patrols with the navy, experts say. The two units already patrolled the sea’s Paracel Islands together last month, news media in Asia reported last month.
Warnings to Southeast Asia, United States
Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam all compete with China's claims in the sea, which is prized for fisheries, oil and natural gas. China cites historical records to support its claim to about 90 percent of it.
China has built military installations on several islets in the 3.5 million-square-kilometer tropical sea, irritating the other claimants.
The coast guard as a military unit “strengthens the perception and reality of ‘militarization’” of the sea, said Yun Sun, East Asia Program senior associate at the Stimson Center think tank in Washington.
Chinese coast guard vessels, sometimes sent to protect fishing fleets, have ranged as far into the sea as Indonesia, which protested over an incident in 2016.
Washington regards the sea as an international waterway. The U.S. government sends naval vessels as “freedom of navigation operations.”
“The enhanced cooperation indicates the strengthening of Chinese capability to deter or harass U.S. freedom of navigation operations,” Sun said.
Heightened vigilance
China's coast guard will “not pose a threat” to other countries if “they don't provoke China's sovereignty and maritime rights,” the Global Times said, citing the military expert.
But military command of the Chinese coast guard will put other claimants, as well as the United States and its allies, more on guard, other analysts say.
The Southeast Asian states lack China’s firepower, but Vietnam and the Philippines have turned in the past to the United States for defense.
The other maritime claimants and Indonesia may take a stauncher “posture” toward the military-managed coast guard, Koh said.
"This more muscular posture of putting the navy and the coast guard together is a way to tell the other claimants that you don’t trifle with us," said Collin Koh, maritime security research fellow at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.
When fishing or coast guard vessels from other countries run into China’s coast guard now, they don’t expect it to be “heavily armed,” said Jonathan Spangler, director of the South China Sea think tank in Taipei. They would see the fleet differently under central military command, he said.
“Other countries may have a different view of what the China coast guard represents, and that could definitely make people nervous in those unanticipated encounters, and maybe other countries will see this development as something they need to respond to in terms of restructuring their own coast guards," Spangler said.
VOA 2018. 6. 27
트럼프 대통령 미국 군 내 우주군 창설 지시
President Donald Trump on Monday(6. 18) directed Pentagon
officials to move toward creating a “space force”
that would become a sixth branch of the military, with
congressional blessing, and portends the most sweeping
revamp of the U.S. armed forces in more than 70 years.
The move, which Mr. Trump tentatively endorsed three
months ago despite strong objections from senior civilian
and uniformed military leaders, is the culmination of extensive
criticism on Capitol Hill of longstanding procurement
and strategic lapses affecting the U.S.’s space programs.
POLITICS | NATIONAL SECURITY
Trump Calls for ‘Space Force’ in Major Military Revamp
Proposed new entity intended to be ‘separate but equal’ to Air Force
President Donald Trump directed the Pentagon to create a ‘space force’ at a meeting of the National Space Council.
PHOTO: ANDREW HARRER/BLOOMBERG NEWS
Updated June 18, 2018 4:59 pm ET
President Donald Trump on Monday directed Pentagon officials to move toward creating a “space force” that would become a sixth branch of the military, with congressional blessing, and portends the most sweeping revamp of the U.S. armed forces in more than 70 years.
The move, which Mr. Trump tentatively endorsed three months ago despite strong objections from senior civilian and uniformed military leaders, is the culmination of extensive criticism on Capitol Hill of longstanding procurement and strategic lapses affecting the U.S.’s space programs.
WSJ 2018. 6. 18
스타워즈 계획
(Strategic Defense Initiative, 전략 방위 구상)
로널드 레이건 정부 시절, 1983년 3월 24일 백악관에서의 대통령 TV 연설로 발표된 인류 역사상 최대, 최고가의 무기체계.
냉전 당시 소련이 가지고 있던 ICBM으로 인한 위협에서부터 미국을 방어하기 위해 계획되었던 미사일방어체계의 정식 이름이다.
POLITICS | NATIONAL SECURITY
American Military Aircraft Targeted By Lasers in Pacific Ocean, U.S. Officials Say
U.S. officials wouldn’t definitively confirm Chinese personnel were behind laser incidents
Officials said all the incidents occurred in and around the East China Sea, typically where the Chinese military or other Chinese civilians operate. An Air Force bomber, above, in August on a flight over Japan, the East China Sea and Korean Peninsula.
PHOTO: GERALD WILLIS/U.S. AIR FORCE/EPA/SHUTTERSTOCK
By Gordon Lubold and Jeremy Page
Updated June 21, 2018 10:41 pm ET
WASHINGTON—Lasers have targeted pilots of American military aircraft operating over the western Pacific Ocean more than 20 times in recent months, U.S. officials say, following a series of similar incidents in which Pentagon officials said Chinese personnel used lasers against U.S. pilots in East Africa.
Officials said all of the incidents occurred in and around the East China Sea, typically where the Chinese military or other Chinese civilians operate. The laser signals directed at American aircraft appeared to be coming from fishing boats operating in the area and from shore, multiple officials said.
WSJ 2018. 6. 21
US aircraft carrier patrols disputed sea amid China buildup
June 26, 2018
A U.S. sailor takes photos of the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) as it anchors off Manila Bay for a goodwill visit Tuesday, June 26, 2018 west of Manila, Philippines. The U.S. military has deployed the U.S. aircraft carrier to patrol the South China Sea "to deter conflict and coercion" in a disputed region where Washington has moved against China's military buildup on manmade islands. (AP Photo/Bullit Marquez)
MANILA, Philippines (AP) — The U.S. military has deployed the third aircraft carrier this year to patrol the disputed South China Sea, where Washington has criticized China’s military buildup on new man-made islands.
The 97,000-ton USS Ronald Reagan, carrying more than 70 aircraft, anchored in Manila Bay on Tuesday after plying the strategic waters for meetings between navy officials of the two countries and liberty for its thousands of sailors after weeks at sea.
The U.S. military presence in the region “has supported our ability to defend our nation and our allies” and “promotes our ability to safeguard freedom of the seas, unimpeded commerce, to deter conflict and coercion and to promote adherence to rules-based international order,” Rear Admiral Marc Dalton told reporters on board the ship.
Two other American carriers earlier patrolled the waterway, where China and five other governments have been locked in decades of disputes over territories that straddle some of the world’s busiest sea lanes. Some areas are believed to have undersea deposits of natural gas and oil.
China has reportedly deployed anti-ship missiles, surface-to-air missiles, electronic jammers and other equipment on islands it built on disputed reefs in the Spratly Islands, and landed a bomber aircraft on Woody Island in the Paracels, sparking alarm among rival claimants and the United States. Washington has no territorial claims in the region but has declared that freedom of navigation and overflight in the waters is in U.S. national interest.
U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said earlier this month that the Trump administration’s recent decision to disinvite China from a multinational naval exercise this summer was an “initial response” to Beijing’s island activity. Mattis called the U.S. action a “relatively small consequence. I believe there are much larger consequences in the future.”
China argues that it is within its rights to build up defenses on islands in the South China Sea that it claims are its sovereign territory. There is fear that Beijing will use its new islands, including some with runways, to project its military might and potentially to restrict navigation in the busy waters.
2018. 6. 26 AP
스카버러 암초 (Scarborough Shoal / Scarborough Reef)
직각삼각형 모양을 띤 산호초이며 수빅 만에서 서쪽으로 198km (100해리) 정도 떨어진 지점에 위치한다.
주위에 있는 석호를 포함한 전체 면적은 150㎢이며 원둘레는 55km, 수심은 약 15m이다.
스카버러 암초 위를 비행하고 있는 중국 군용기
Nine-dash line 구단선
구단선(九段線) 또는 남해구단선(南海九段線)은
중화인민공화국과 중화민국이 주장하는 남중국해의 해상 경계선이다
1947년에 설정되었으며 남중국해의 대부분을 중국의 수역으로 설정하고 있다
상설중재재판소
(常設仲裁裁判所, Permanent Court of Arbitration, PCA)
네덜란드 헤이그의 평화궁에 위치한 국제 법원
2013. 1. 22
필리핀, 유엔 국제해양법재판소(ITLOS)에 남중국해 분쟁소송 제기
주필리핀 중국대사를 소환, 구술서 전달, 당시 야나이 지(柳井俊二) ITLOS 소장에 의해
5명의 판사로 구성된 '중재법정' (Arbitral Tribunal)이 PCA에 구성
2016. 7. 12
PCA (Permanent Count of Arbitration)
남중국해에 중국 법적 권리 없다며 필리핀의 승리를 결정한 중재결과 발표
'중국이 남중국해 대부분의 영유권을 주장하는 것은 법적 근거가 없다
중국이 인공섬을 건설, 필리핀의 어로와 석유 탐사를 방해해 EEZ에서 필리핀의 주권을 침해했다' 고 발표
시진핑 중국 국가 주석, '전투태세 명령'
"중국에 불리한 PCA 판결을 계기로 미국이 남중국해에서 무력도발에 나설 경우 중국군에 일전불사할 각오를 다지라"
EAST ASIA
June 15, 2018 4:16 AM
Ralph Jennings
French, British Ships to Sail Disputed Asian Sea, Rile China
A French Navy Captain looks at the French Navy frigate Montcalm arriving at the naval base in Toulon, France, Aug. 1, 2014. French and British warships will sail the South China Sea in a display of naval strength.
British and French warships will sail to the disputed South China Sea in a display of naval strength that may satisfy domestic audiences but ruffle the waterway’s major stakeholder, China, and lead to more militarization, analysts say.
Vessels from the two European naval powers, which have no South China Sea claims of their own, will use the event to justify military spending at home, experts say. Their voyage would also prove the mettle of French defense technology and help the United States keep the sea open internationally, despite China’s increasing control.
A proposed passage through the 3.5 million-square-kilometer sea was announced in early June at a Shangri-La Dialogue military leadership event attended by French Defense Minister Florence Parly and her British counterpart Gavin Williamson.
“Legally they are entitled to the right of innocent passage in the South China Sea, but politically and strategically they are complicating the situation and assisting the U.S. to conduct a counter-strategy towards Beijing’s assertive posture in the area,” said Huang Kwei-bo, vice dean of the international affairs college at National Chengchi University in Taipei.
British Royal Navy destroyer HMS Duncan is seen during a port visit in Istanbul, Feb. 19, 2018.
Domestic concerns
The two European countries, which once had colonies around the world, want to show their own populations what their militaries can do following defense spending increases, said Alan Chong, associate professor at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore.
“The British and French governments continue to justify their defense budgets,” Chong said. “Great powers in the second rank, i.e. Britain and France, they will be increasingly challenged to justify their heavy defense spending.”
The British defense budget was $46.8 billion (35.3 billion pounds) in 2016, No. 5 in the world, according to the country’s defense ministry website. The government, it said, is “committed to increase defense spending” by at least 0.5 percent.
France plans to spend $361 billion on defense from 2019 to 2025, up 55 percent from the 2014-2018 budget period. France is also the world’s third biggest arms supplier, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute says.
France will use the South China Sea mission to prove the worth of its hardware, said Jonathan Spangler, director of the South China Sea Think Tank in Taipei.
South China Sea Territorial Claims
An Asian dispute
Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam call all or parts of the South China Sea their own. The sea stretching from Hong Kong to Borneo is valued for its fisheries and reserves of oil and natural gas.
China has landfilled some of the sea’s 500 tiny islets over the past decade, some for military use, to bolster control over its claim to about 90 percent of the sea, irritating the other five parties. It negotiates privately with the Southeast Asian claimants, sometimes offering economic aid to keep peace.
China pledged $24 billion in aid and investment to the Philippines in 2016, for example.
Philippine officials will probably say nothing about the British and French ships, said Herman Kraft, a political science professor at the University of the Philippines Diliman in Metro Manila.
“The thing with the Philippines is that they’re not going to criticize the Chinese,” he said. “My suspicion is they’ll just keep quiet on this thing.”
But the United States has taken the dispute past Asia by sending naval ships to the sea seven times since President Donald Trump took office in 2017. Those missions are aimed at opposing Beijing’s maritime control.
France and the United Kingdom may be stepping in to help their traditional military ally the United States, experts say. Both European countries have sailed there before.
“Britain sees it as important to challenge excessive Chinese maritime claims under (U.N. maritime law),” said James Berkeley, managing director of the advisory firm Ellice Consulting in London. “If left unchallenged China might reasonably argue that the world consensus agrees with their views.”
Britain’s maritime effort may earn it help from abroad later on trade and economic issues of domestic concern, Berkeley added.
Chinese reaction
China will protest the European ships with a statement and, eventually, more militarization at sea, analysts expect.
“Beijing can shadow the ships and follow the French vessels and tell them to leave the waters, and then they can file a diplomatic complaint in the aftermath, but it’s mostly just symbolic as opposed to like actually preventing it from happening,” Spangler said.
China, mindful of the 1890s when the U.K. demanded trade concessions in the wake of the opium wars, will feel it must take action, said Eduardo Araral, associate professor at the National University of Singapore’s public policy school.
“The Chinese cannot be seen to be standing idly by and let the British and the French do their thing,” he said. “The Chinese have a long history and they felt humiliated by the British in the opium war.”
China may take the incident as a cue to “strengthen the island defenses,” Araral said. “It’s not helping the situation in this part of the world,” he said.
2018. 6. 15 VOA
The British defense budget was $46.8 billion (35.3 billion pounds) in 2016,
No. 5 in the world, according to the country's defense ministry website.
The government, it said, is "committed to increase defense spending"
by at least 0.5 percent
France plans to spend $361 billion on defensr from 2019 to 2025,
up 55 percent from the 2014-2018 budget period.
France is also the world's third biggest arms supplier,
the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute says.
P-3 Orion surveillance aircraft
Australian aircraft warns Chinese Navy of its presence near the Spratly Islands
Rupert Wingfield-Hayes gets a furious reception when he approaches Chinese-controlled reefs in the disputed South China Sea, in a light aircraft.
But they are not alone.
Here, a response from an Australian pilot flying nearby is captured:
"China Navy, China Navy," the voice says. "We are an Australian aircraft exercising international freedom of navigation rights, in international airspace in accordance with the international civil aviation convention, and the united nations convention of the law of the sea - over."
BBC 2015. 12. 14
'항행의 자유 작전' (FON : Freedom of Navigation Operation)
Japan Considers Sending Navy to Aid U.S. in South China Sea
By accident or design, Trump signals tougher China policy
By JULIE PACE and MATTHEW PENNINGTON December 6, 2016
FILE - In this Nov. 10, 2016 file photo, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump speaks during his meeting with President Barack Obama in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington. With Trump's latest tweets touching on sensitive issues, China must decide how to handle an incoming American president who relishes confrontation and whose online statements appear to foreshadow shifts in foreign policy. China awoke Monday, Dec. 5, to criticism from Trump on Twitter, days after it responded to his telephone conversation with Taiwan's president by accusing the Taiwanese of playing a "little trick" on Trump. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais, File)
WASHINGTON (AP) — Whether by accident or design, President-elect Donald Trump is signaling a tougher American policy toward China, sparking warnings from both the outgoing Obama administration and Beijing.
On Monday, White House spokesman Josh Earnest said progress with the Chinese could be “undermined” by a flare-up over the sovereignty of Taiwan, the self-governing island the U.S. broke diplomatic ties with in 1979. That split was part of an agreement with China, which claims the island as its own territory, although the U.S. continues to sell Taiwan billions in military equipment and has other economic ties.
Trump broke protocol last week by speaking with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, and then took to Twitter to challenge China’s trade and military policies.
“It’s unclear exactly what the strategic effort is,” Earnest said. “I’ll leave that to them to explain.”
So far, Trump’s advisers have struggled to explain his action, sending mixed messages about whether the conversation with Taiwan’s leader was a step toward a new policy or simply a congratulatory call. Incoming White House chief of staff Reince Priebus said Trump “knew exactly what was happening” when he spoke with Tsai, but Vice President-elect Mike Pence described the interaction as “nothing more than taking a courtesy call of congratulations.”
Trump has pledged to be more “unpredictable” on the world stage, billing the approach as a much-needed change from President Barack Obama’s deliberative style and public forecasting about U.S. policy. But Trump’s unpredictability is likely to unnerve both allies and adversaries, leaving glaring questions about whether the foreign policy novice is carrying out planned strategies or acting on impulse.
China’s authoritarian government likes predictability in its dealings with other nations, particularly the United States. The U.S. and China are the world’s two largest economies with bilateral trade in goods and services reaching nearly $660 billion last year.
While there have been sharp differences between Beijing and Washington on China’s island building in the South China Sea and over alleged Chinese cybertheft of U.S. commercial secrets, the two powers have cooperated effectively on climate change and the Iran nuclear deal.
Taiwan split from the Chinese mainland in 1949. American policy acknowledges the Chinese view that it has sovereignty over Taiwan, yet the U.S. considers Taiwan’s status as unsettled. The U.S. is Taiwan’s main source of weapons, with $14 billion in approved arms sales since 2009.
U.S. diplomats were shocked by Trump’s telephone call with the Taiwanese leader. Several officials privately expressed deep unease that Trump’s team did not inform the administration in advance or give it a chance to provide input.
Max Baucus, the U.S. ambassador to China, spoke about the matter Saturday with China’s vice foreign minister to reiterate America’s one-China policy on behalf of the current administration.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said Monday that China would have “no comment on what motivated the Trump team” to make the tweets, and he said he believed both sides would continue to support a “sound and a stable bilateral relationship.”
But a commentary on the state-run Xinhua news agency issued a veiled warning.
“Succeeding a mostly upward U.S.-China relationship, Trump also needs to resist the light-headed calls for provocative and damaging moves on China by some hawkish political elites,” said the commentary by Luo Jun. “The outdated zero-sum mindset is poisonous for Washington’s foreign relations. It would be a mistake to think that Washington could gain from undercutting Beijing’s core interests.”
Stephen Yates, a former national security aide to Vice President Dick Cheney who has been in touch with Trump advisers, said the call with Tsai was arranged by the transition team and showed the president-elect wants to rebalance the U.S. relationship with China.
“He is not going to be told who he can or cannot talk to,” Yates said by email as he flew to Taiwan for a trip he said was planned before the election. “He meant what he said about being open to leaders who seek good relations with the U.S. He knows more about these subjects than he might let on.”
As a presidential candidate, Trump repeatedly accused China of manipulating its currency and trying to “rape our country” with unfair trade policies.
Walter Lohman, director of the Asian Studies Center at the conservative Heritage Foundation, said Trump appears to be signaling a willingness to increase ties with Taiwan, but not necessarily a full overhaul of U.S. policy.
“It doesn’t mean we’re going to poke the Chinese in the eye; it doesn’t mean we’re going to change the ‘One China policy,’” said Lohman, whose think tank has been advising Trump’s transition. “But it does mean we will reform our Taiwan policy to reflect reality.”
2016. 12. 5 AP
"Did China ask us if it was OK to devalue their currency
(making it hard for our companies to compete),
heavily tax our products going into their country (the U. S. doesn't tax them)
or to build a massive military complex in the middle of the South China Sea?
I don't think so!"
@Donald J. Trump 2016. 12. 5
"미국 대통령은 국가 이익을 위해
누구와, 무슨 말도 할 수 있다
대만은 중국 땅에서
유일하게 민주주의가 지배하는 곳"
John Bolton (1948~)
美 제27대 국가안보보좌관 (2018년 4월 9일~)
"대만은 민주주의 시장경제를 신봉하는
미국의 진정한 친구다.
중국은 공산주의 국가이며 독재 국가다.
우리는 친구를 친구라 하지 못하고
적을 친구처럼 여기며 지내왔다. 그것은 잘못이다"
Michael Dale "Mike" Huckabee (1955~)
제54대 아칸소 주지사 (임기 : 1996년~2007년)
EAST ASIA
June 07, 2018 9:38 PM
Reuters
Chinese Paper Slams US Stance on Taiwan, Says China Should Prepare for 'Crisis'
FILE - A Taiwan Coast Guard officer stands guard under a Taiwanese flag in the East China Sea, north of Taiwan, April 9, 2016.
SHANGHAI —
China should be prepared for crisis in the Taiwan Strait, the hawkish Global Times newspaper said in an editorial Friday, amid rising tension between Beijing and Washington over the self-ruled island that China sees as a wayward province.
The United States has ramped up pressure on China in the disputed South China Sea, with reports of U.S. bombers flying over the region this week. Reuters reported Washington was considering sending a warship through the Taiwan Strait.
China and the United States — currently in heated talks over trade — have frequently sparred over questions of militarization of the South China Sea, where China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines all have competing claims.
"China and the U.S. are likely to face a new Taiwan Straits crisis sooner or later. China needs to make early preparation," the state-backed Chinese tabloid said. The newspaper does not reflect official policy.
"The Chinese mainland is not afraid of any crisis in the Taiwan Straits, even a showdown, so as to quash U.S. and Taiwan aggressiveness and safeguard national unity," it said.
The rise in tensions over Taiwan come at a sensitive time for U.S.-China relations. The two countries are locked in negotiations to avoid a full-blown trade war.
The comments reflect earlier statements by the newspaper, which said last month China must prepare to forcefully respond to any "extreme" U.S. interference in the South China Sea.
China has alarmed Taiwan by ramping up military exercises this year, including flying bombers and other military aircraft around the island and sending its aircraft carrier through the narrow Taiwan Strait that separates it from Taiwan.
Taiwan simulated repelling an invading force and used civilian-operated drones for the first time as part of annual military drills on the self-ruled island Thursday.
China claims Taiwan as its sacred territory under its "one China" policy and Beijing has never renounced the use of force to bring what it sees as a wayward province under its control.
2018. 6. 7 VOA (The hawkish)
"We're going to have to send China a clear signal that,
first, the island-building stops,"
Mr. Tillerson told the senators.
"And second, your access to those islands
also is not going to be allowed."
2017. 1. 11 미국 상원에서 준 청문회 중...
Rex Tillerson’s South China Sea Remarks Foreshadow Possible Foreign Policy Crisis
Credit...Doug Mills/The New York Times
Rex Tillerson (1952~)
美 제69대 국무장관
By Michael Forsythe
Jan. 12, 2017
HONG KONG — Rex W. Tillerson’s call for China to be denied access to its artificial islands in the South China Sea, made Wednesday during his confirmation hearing for secretary of state, set the stage for a possible crisis between the world’s two biggest economies should his comments become official American policy.
Mr. Tillerson told members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on Wednesday that China’s multibillion-dollar island-building campaign in the oil-and-gas rich sea was illegal and “akin to Russia’s taking of Crimea.”
New York Times 2017. 1. 12
Navy’s supercarrier Carl Vinson shared the eastern stretches of the Pacific with the Navy’s Japan-based Seventh Fleet
MILITARY
Navy’s Third Fleet splashes through the South China Sea
MARCH 1, 2017 7:50 PM PT
Navy’s supercarrier Carl Vinson shared the eastern stretches of the Pacific with the Navy’s Japan-based Seventh Fleet, Carrier Strike Group One was bisecting the South China Sea Thursday morning.
When the Navy’s supercarrier Carl Vinson slipped out of San Diego nearly two months ago and steamed toward Hawaii, it marked the first time since World War II that the Third Fleet prowled the Pacific Ocean under its own command.
Now sharing the eastern stretches of the Pacific with the Navy’s Japan-based Seventh Fleet, Carrier Strike Group One was bisecting the South China Sea Thursday morning, steaming between the Philippines and China.
And so far the “Third Fleet Forward” experiment is going great, according to the group’s commander at sea, Rear Adm. James Kilby.
“The Third Fleet Forward concept is working really well,” said Kilby during a telephone interview with The San Diego Union-Tribune, the whoosh of jets catapulting off the Vinson’s flight deck above him.
“I can’t be more proud of the sailors in this strike group and what they’re doing,” added Kilby, a New Yorker. “They’re upbeat. They’re positive. And it’s going really well.”
Kilby takes orders from Vice Adm. Nora Tyson at Third Fleet’s Point Loma headquarters. She or her staff monitors the Vinson’s movements around the clock. She plans at least two more trips to command the force at sea before it returns to San Diego in the next three months.
The Vinson is accompanied by the guided-missile cruiser Lake Champlain and the guided-missile destroyers Wayne E. Meyer and Michael Murphy.
Kilby’s strike group journeys through the South China Sea during a time of rising tensions with Beijing. China continues to build artificial islands on rocks and islets dotting the South China Sea — many of the shoals and reefs contested by other regional allies and partners of the United States, including the Philippines and Vietnam.
“We continue to deploy here and try to send a message to our friends and allies that we’re here,” said Kilby. “We’re providing security. We’re providing presence. We want to work with them in exercises and we’re certainly doing that on our deployment.”
At times, a warship breaks apart from the larger flotilla. For example, the Murphy is steaming to rejoin the carrier after conducting special patrols with U.S. Coast Guard maritime law enforcement teams off Fiji, Nauru, Tuvalu and the Solomon Islands to protect the South Pacific nations from illegal fishing.
Later in the summer, a pair of San Diego-based destroyers will join the group in the Western Pacific, beefing up the group as it sails through contested waters.
The San Diego Union-Tribune 2017. 3. 2
WORLD | ASIA | CHINA
Made in China: Beijing’s New Aircraft Carrier Hits the Water
While China still trails the U.S. in military technology, the country’s forces are rapidly modernizing
China’s first domestically produced aircraft carrier set out from Dalian in northeast China on Sunday.
PHOTO: REUTERS
May 13, 2018 2:27 am ET
BEIJING—China’s first domestically produced aircraft carrier began sea trials Sunday, the latest step forward in the country’s quest to advance its military footprint.
The carrier set out from Dalian in northeast Liaoning province, according to China’s state-run news agency, Xinhua. The trials are intended to test the reliability and stability of its power system, Xinhua said.
WSJ 2018. 5. 13
Protesters wearing boat-shaped paper hats and mock missiles, join others in a rally at the Chinese Consulate to protest China's alleged continued militarization of the disputed Spratly Islands in the South China Sea Feb. 10, 2018.
2018. 5. 23 VOA
Mahathir bin Mohamad (1925~)
말레이시아의 제4대, 7대 총리
"trade wars are good,
and easy to win"
When a country (USA) is losing many billions
of dollars on trade with virtually every
country it does business with, trade wars are
good, and easy to win. Example, when we
are down $100 billion with a certain country
and they get cute, don't trade anymore-we
win big. It's easy!
@ Donald J. Trump 2018. 3. 2
Q. 미중 무역 경쟁, 언제까지 할까?
A. (이론적으로) 중국의 경제가 미국에 도전하지 못할 때까지
ECONOMY | U.S. ECONOMY
Economic Growth in U.S. Leaves World Behind
Second-quarter growth on track to exceed a 4% pace—the fastest of any quarter in almost four years
Shoppers stand outside the Bloomingdale's store on Broadway in the Soho neighborhood of New York. The Commerce Department reported Thursday that sales at U.S. retailers rose 0.8% in May from a month earlier.
PHOTO: MARY ALTAFFER/ASSOCIATED PRESS
June 14, 2018
The U.S. economy is revving up just as Europe and other major economies lose steam, jeopardizing a rare period in which the world’s largest economies have been accelerating in unison.
The European Central Bank on Thursday took another step toward ending the massive stimulus measures it has used in an effort to boost growth since 2015. But ECB officials also said they would hold interest rates steady through summer next year, a sign that they felt the eurozone economy remains fragile.
WSJ 2018. 6. 14
@Donald J. Trump 2018. 6. 20
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